the future computers look likes

how we can predict, what will happen in the future, all things can be done by a finger. all around us are live with computers... with new generation for future generation 5.

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THE SYSTEM UNIT

 

SYSTEM UNIT

  

Type of system unit:

1. Desktop system units

2. Notebook system units

3. Tablet PC system units

4. Handheld computer system units



SYSTEM BOARD

System board also called the mother board. Function mother board is controls communications for the hold computer system.mother board using for all kind of different electronic components including

• sockets
• slots
• bus lines

Central Processing Unit (CPU).

 

• The CPU is the central electronic chip that determines the processing power of the computer.

                 

Does all of the work for the computer

1. Does all the mathematics, mainly addition.
2. Does all the logical comparisons of values.
3. Directs the flow of data in a computer.
4. Controls the operation of the parts of the computer.

Today, all CPUs are microprocessors.

1. A microprocessor is a complete computer on a silicon chip.
2. A microprocessor does all the function of the computer.   

• Stores data and informations waiting to be used.
• Follows changeable instructions.
• Does input, processing, and output

CPUs have three bacis parts.

• The Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU).

        # Does all the nathematics in a computer.

        # Does all of the logic comparisons of values. 

• The Control Unit - directs the flow of information into the CPU and/or storage and controls which instructions the CPU will do next.
• Registers - used to store data and instructions inside the processor.

Speed of CPUs.

The speed of CPUs is measured in hertz.

• A hertz is on cycle per second.
• Need to measure time to determine cycles per second.
• Today, many CPUs can complete over six instructions per second.

Speed of modern CPUs.

• Most computers have a CPU that can do more than 400MHz.
• Computers will soon be at speeds of over a gigahertz, 1,000,000,000 Hertzs.

- MICROPROCESSOR

- SPECIAL PROCESSORS

• coprocessors

• smart cards

• specialty processors in car to control nearly everything from fuel efficiency to satellite entertainment and tracking systems.

• RFID tags

MEMORY

The function of memory is a holding rea for data, instruction, and information. memory has three type of memory chips :

• random-access memory (RAM)

1. Stores instructions that are used by the CPU
• Tells the CPU how to be the kind of computer it is, for example a Windows, Macintosh, or Play Station computers.
• Tells the CPU how to work with the different parts of the computer
• ROM can also hold programs that are directly accessed by the CPU.  One such program is the self-test when the computer is first turned on.  The self-test tests to seem if all the parts on the main circuit board (mother board) are working correctly.
2. The instructions in ROM can not usually be changed
• The instructions are built into the electronic circuits of the chips
• These instructions in ROM are called firmware
• To change the instructions in ROM you need to usually change the chips or do some other special process that is normally not available to an average user.
3. The instructions in ROM are nonvolatile.  They stay in ROM even when the computer is turned off.
4. Access to information is random access.
• Random access means that any piece of information in ROM can be accessed at any given time without access other information first.  It is a lot like the tracks on a music CD.  You can access any track at any time and in any order.
• The other kind of access is sequential access.  You must access the information in the order that they are located.  This is a lot like a music tape.  You must play the songs in order, or you have to fast forward past songs to get to the one you want.

•  read-only memory (ROM)

1. Store data and instructions that are used by the CPU to perform some task.
• These instructions are usually loaded into RAM from a secondary storage device.
• RAM is also used to store instructions that tell the CPU how to work with its parts.  These instructions are usually called drivers.
2. The instructions in RAM are constantly changing, depending on the needs of the CPU.
3. The instructions in RAM are volatile.
• When the computer is turned off the information in RAM disappears.
• The information in RAM needs to be saved to secondary storage before the computer is turned off.
4. Access to information is random access.

• FLASH MEMORY

EXPANSION SLOTS AND CARDS

Users can insert optional devices known as expansion cards into slots. include:

• grapics cards

• sound cards

• modem cards

• network interface cards (NIC)

• tv tuner cards

Sources:

1.  http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows-vista/Parts-of-a-computer#section_6
2. http://dragon.ep.usm.edu/~it365/module/Basics/Basics.htm 

SYSTEM SOFTWARE - UTILITIES

 -Specialized programs designed to make computing easier.

-       -   The most essential are :

i.)                  Troubleshooting or diagnostic programs ( recognize and correct problems,ideally before they become serious,e.g. Figure 1)

ii.)                Antivirus programs ( guard computer system against viruses or other damaging problems that can invade computer system.)

iii.)              Uninstall programs ( allow to safely and completely remove unneeded programs and related files from hard disk, Figure 2)

iv.)              Backup programs ( copies of files to be used in case the originals are lost or damaged.)

v.)                File compression programs ( reduce the size of files so they require less storage space and can be sent more efficiently over the Internet.) 

                  Figure 1 : Troubleshooting or diagnostic programs

                                    

                               Figure 2 : Uninstall programs

Windows Utilities

The Windows operating systems are accompanied by several utility programs, including :

i.)                  Backup Status and Configuration

ii.)                Disk Cleanup

iii.)              Disk Defragmenter

Figure : Aceessing Windows Vista utilities

i.)                  Backup Status and Configuration

- a utility program included with the many versions of Windows that makes a

copy of all files or selected files that have been saved onto a disk.

                  - helps prevent against disk failure.

                  - Example : Select Backup Status and Configuration from the Windows Vista

                                    System Tools menu to create a backup for hard disk.

First      : Click Start,then select Accessories from the All Programs menu, after

                that select Backup Status and Configuration from the System Tools

                menu.

Second : Select Setup automatic file backup and run the Backup File Wizard,then

               choose Backup and choose the files you want to include,and also choose

               the destination for the backup after that.

Third    : Finish the Backup or Restore Wizard to backup the selected drive then

               just close the Backup Progress window or view the report.

ii.)                  Disk Cleanup

- an identifies and eliminates nonessential files.

- frees up valuable disk space and improves system performance.

- Example : by selecting Disk Cleanup from the Windows Vista System Tools

                    menu, you can eliminate unneeded files on your hard disk.

                                           Figure : Disk Cleanup utility

iii.)                Disk Defragmenter

- identifies and eliminates unnecessary fragments.

- rearranges files and unused disk space to optimize operations.

- speeds up file access.

- Example : by selecting Disk Defragmenter from the Windows Vista System

                    Tool menu,you can defrag your hard disk.

First      : Click Start, then select Accessories from the All Programs menu,

                Select Disk Defragmenter from the System Tools menus. If

                necessary, click Continue.

Second  : Click the Defragment now button to begin defragging, if necessary,

                choose the drive you want to defragment. When defragmentation

                is complete for the selected drive, view the report or close the

                window.

                            ( the time for class..................................everyone......................haha........)

Specialized Application Software

opening

The latest technology give us many new opportunities that we can use to many project like works, photo, video, and streaming, this is increased your range of computer competency. Software that use by the larger computer are now available to be use by microcomputer, that we can use it at home, it ia mean the application software has been specialized.

People are now able to create their own websites. also have access to software that help manipulate and create graphic images. many jobs can be do at home because the software have on their microcomputers.. by using specialized application software like artists and musician.

the end user need to know who uses them, what they are used for and how they use.these advanced application include graphic programs, audio and video editing software, multimedia, web authoring, nad artificial intelligence, including virtual reality, knowledge-based system, and robotics.

graphic programs

Audio

video editor

multimedia

web authority

artifical intelligence

Specialized Application

• Graphic Programs- Creating professional looking published documents.
• Audio and Video Software- to create, edit, and play music and videos.
• Multimedia Programs- create dynamic interactive presentation
• Web Authoring Programs- create, edit and designed web site
• artifical intelligence- include virtual reality, knowledge based system and robotics.

 Graphic

1. Desktop Publishing or Page Layout Programs- you can mix text and graphic to create publications of professional quality, whilst word processor focus on page design and layout and provide greater flexibility. desktop publishing program are using by professional graphic artist to create documents likes brochures, newsletters, newspaper, and textbook.

                  - Mostly Well-known publishing program:

Adobe Page Maker

Microsoft Publisher 2010

QuarkXpress 8

       2. Image Editors- one of the most common types of graphic files is

Bit Maps

            to represent images there are use thousand of dots or Pixels, each has a specific location, color,
            and shade. however bitmap limitation happen when the image expanded. the image become pixilated.
           - Popular professional image editor are

Microsoft Paint

Adobe Photoshop

Quark Xpress

         3. Illustration Program- Another common type of graphic file is vector it is use geometric shapes or
              objects. these object are create by connecting line and curves, it define by mathematical equations,
             easily to resized, colored, textured, and manipulated.
             the popular software is Adobe Illustrator, Adobe free Hand, and Coral Draw

       4. Image Galleries - libraries of electronic images.
                  - Stock Photograph 
                  - Clip art
       5. Graphic Suites- you can uy a larger variety of graphics program at lower cost than if purchased
            separately. mostly well known Adobe Creative suites and Coral Draw Graphic Suites.

Audio and Video

Before this, editing home audio and video's was a job of professional photo labs or studio. Now we are free to use it at our home.

• Video editing Software- you can reorganized, take best effect, and more to your best digital view. it use like Apple's iMovie and Windows Movie maker. for the windows movie maker tutorial click here.you also can click Here for look Apple iMovie.
• Audio Editing Software- create and edit audio clips. have the feature taht you can add audio effect, such as filters to your track. the software you can use to create your own MP3's. Commonly used Apple GGarage Band and Sony's ACID

Multimedia

Assemble all sort of media into one presentation. the presentation include video, music, voice, grphic, and text. such as video games, and web presentation, it has been mention on topic before,..
The user can choose which information to view, to control the pace and flow information, and to respond to item also received feedback.

- Links and Buttons
each page shows information and links, or connection to the related information. it can be video,sound, graphic, and text files.

- Developing Multimedia Presentation
To create or make your multimedia presentation Follow this step:

1. Plan and analyze - Know the overall objective, resource required, and who will work with you..
2. Design - Used story board to record the intended overalllogic, flow, and structure of multimedia presentation.
3. Create - use multimedia authoring program to create the interactive presentation. 
4.  Support - identify the error, evaluate effectiveness, and revise as needed

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Multimedia Authoring Programs

special program used to create multimedia presentations

story flow about fire fighter