Step 3:

Program Code

Coding is a writing program..

There are several important aspects

of writing a program..

Writing good programs

&

actually writing or code.

These two are the aspects of coding.

Good programs

• reliable
• detect obvious and common errors
• well dccumented

The best way

to create good programs

is to write structured programs

using the three basic logic structures

present in Step 2..

Coding

 

There are hundreds

of different programming languages..

Two types are  :

1.  Content-markup languages

Instruct a computer

how to process 

different types of information. 

A widely used

content-markup language is 

HTML,

used to create Web pages. 

# Uses symbols, words and phrases

2.  Programming language 

Instruct a computer

to perform specific operations.

C++

is widely

used programming language.
# Uses a collection of symbols, words and phrases.

Step 1:

PROGRAM SPECIFICATION.

 

 

 

In the first step, 

need to focused on identifying objectives, 

outputs, 

inputs, 

processing requirements,

and documentation.

 

Step 1: program specification

 

 

 

 

PROGRAMS & PROGRAMMING

' Program '

List of instructions for computer

to follow accomplish the task of

processing data into information.

Actually,

it is something like

what we learn before in chapter 1 & 3..

For example, 

we use word processors to create documents

& spreadsheets to analyze data. 

' Programming '(software development)



6 phases procedure for

creating that list of construction which are : 

1. Program specification  

 (program's objectives,outputs,inputs,

& processing requirements are determined)

2. Program design 

  (solution created using programming techniques,

eg. pseudocode)

3. Program code 

 (written/coded using

a programming language)

4. Program test 

 (tested, debugged by looking for 

syntax & logic errors)

5. Program documentation 

 (ongoing process,

focuses on 

formalizing the written description

& processes used)

6. Program maintenance

(periodically reviewed 

to evaluate their accuracy,

efficiency,

standardization,

& ease of use)

PHASE 3:

 SYSTEMS DESIGN

Systems design consists of 3 tasks..

• Designing alternative systems
• Selecting the best system 

• Writing a systems design report

I will guide you

in order

to make you easy to

understand...

FIRST,

Please try to look at this below illustration..

This is just to make

you easier to keep in your mind

on 

how this systems design

works..

 

PHASE 2: 
SYSTEMS ANALYSIS

At this phase,

data about the present system

is need

to be collected..

Why??

Becoz to make sure

you are determining

the requirements for a new system..

Look at this illustration below..

You can see

that 

there are a few steps

in guiding you

to make you being more understand

and

easy to memorize..

Let me explain more about this system....

1. Gather information.

You may start by talking with people

in areas that might be affected

by the new system. 

Learn about their operations and procedures. 

2. Analyze the information gathered.. 

Identifies numerous changes or

modifications that

may be required for

the expanded business model. 

There are several tools in analyzing the information.

it is including...:

• checklists
• top-down analysis
• grid charts
• decision tables and even
• system flowcharts

example of system flowchart

example of grid chart

example of an organization chart

example of decision table..

Discusses the findings and presents the documents that have been collected.

3. Report.

 Documenting the findings..

Prepare the systems analysis report that will be present for the higher management.

PHASE 1:

PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION

At this phase,

the information problems or needs

are to be identified.. 

Let I show you some procedures.. 

in order to guide,
conduct,

and

make you more understand..

 1st.

Start by writing a clear concise statement 
that describes the problem.

2nd.

Then,
identify some alternative systems
or ways
to address the problem.

3rd.

Again,
be concise.

4th.

Lastly,
prepare a two- or three-page report 
presenting the problem definition
and outlining
each of your alternative solutions. 

These can be illustrated
in an easy way..

like this below: 

System Analysis and Design

When I 1st time have seen this topic,

and its contents 

in the textbook (Computing Essentials Complete 2010),

Something have come out

in my mind..

Why there are so many flowcharts?? 

so many cycles??

and arrows??

Do we need to design so many flowcharts

in the coming final exam??

I'm not really sure.. 

but..

what I'm sure is

this topic will be ask for our exam

for coming soon in May..

Do you still remember

about the few chapters before??

can we said that

every chapter has a relation

with a system..

right??

A system is actually:

a collection of

activities

+

elements..

which both of them

are organized to..

accomplish a goal.

We had heard about many organizations outside there

had been closed and BEEN SITA

becoz..

they were BANKCRUPT..

OR

in the ran of  GENG Along..

in the

Buletin Utama TV3,..

Harian Metro,..

Berita Harian,.. 

and

even

Kosmo! ... 

I want to say that

this case maybe becourse they had not came out with a organized system..

MAY I?..

heheh..

actually,

if we had come up with

an effectively planning,

we can reduces the chances for such spectacular failures.. 

how??

I'm showing you..

a system analysis and design.

System analysis and design is a 6-phase problem-solving procedure.

they are make up to the making of system life cycle.

the phase are..